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FREUDIAN PERSPECTIVE |
JUNGIAN PERSPECTIVE | |
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Objective Physiological substratum for theory Emphasized causality |
Subjective
Social Psychology Emphasized Teleology | |
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Reductionistic: The individual is divided into “Parts” antagonistic toward each other: id-ego-superego; Eros v. Thanatos; conscious v. unconscious |
Holistic: The individual is indivisible. S/he is a unity and all parts (memory, emotions, behavior) are in the service of the whole indivdiual. | |
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The study of the individual centers about the intrapersonal and the intrapsychic. [medical model] |
People can only be understood interpersonally, and as social beings moving through and interacting with their environment. | |
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The establishment of intraharmony constitutes the ideal goal of psychotherapy. "Where Id was, there shall Ego be." (Freud) |
Man is never helped by what he thinks for himself, but only by revelations of a wisdom greater than his own. It is this which lifts him out of his distress." (Jung) | |
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People are basically "bad." (Freud) Civilization attempts to domesticate them, for which they pay a heavy price. Through therapy the instinctual demands may be sublimated but not limited. |
People are a wonder of "stupefying potentialities" and have an inherent impulse for synthesis within their own personalities: conscious with the unconscious; good with evil; life with death. | |
Description of child development based upon the free associations of adults |
Children were studied directly. | |
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Emphasis upon the Oedipus situation and its resolution. |
Oedipus Story is seen as but one mythological pattern among many. | |
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Women feel inferior because they envy men their penises. Women are inferior. "Anatomy is destiny." |
Women feel inferior because in our cultural milieu women are undervalued Men have privileges, rights, preferred status, although in the current cultural ferment these roles are being reevaluated. | |
| Neurosis has a sexual etiology. | "The causes of neurosis lie in the present as well as in the past; and only a still existing cause can keep a neurosis active." (Jung) | |
| Neurosis is the price we pay for civilization. | Neurosis contracts. Civilization expands. "I prefer to look at man in light of what in him is healthy and sound. Freud's is not a psychology of the healthy mind." (Jung) |